Azeotrope
Two or more polar and non-polar solvents that behave when mixed as a single solvent to remove polar and non-polar contaminants with a boiling point lower than its components.
Axial Lead
A lead extending out the end and along the axis of a resistor, capacitor or other axial part rather than from the bottom.
AWG
American Wire Gauge. A method of specifying wire diameter; the higher the number, the smaller the diameter.
Automatic Test Equipment
Hardware that automatically analyses functional or static parameters to evaluate performance degradation. It also performs fault isolation.
Automated Component Insertion
Assembling discrete components to PCBs via electrically controlled equipment.
ATE
( see Automatic Test Equipment )
Assembly Language
A computer language of brief expressions for translation into a machine language.
Assembly House
A manufacturing facility for attaching and soldering components to a printed circuit.
Assembly Drawing
i: A drawing depicting the locations of components, with their reference designators (q.v.), on a printed circuit.
ii:The document that shows a printed board, components and any information necessary to describe joining them together in order to perform a specific function.
Aspect Ratio
The ratio of the circuit board thickness to the smallest hole diameter.
ASCII
Acronym for “American Standard Code for Information Interchange”; a seven-bit code that assigns numeric values to letters of the alphabet, the ten decimal digits, punctuation marks and other characters.
Artwork
An accurately scaled configuration used to produce a master pattern. It is generally prepared at an enlarged scale using various width tapes and special shapes to represent conductors.
Artwork Master
An accurately scaled image of the conductive pattern of a PCB which is used to produce the 1:1 production master. The scale is chosen to provide the necessary degree of accuracy.
Arc Resistance
The resistance of a material to the effects of a high voltage, low-current, under prescribed conditions, passing across the surface of the material. The resistance is stated as a measure of the total elapsed time required to form a conductive path of the surface (material carbonized by the arc).
Aqueous Cleaning
A water-based method that may include neutralizers, saponifiers, surfactants, dispersants and anti-foaming agents.
AQL
Acceptable Quality Level. The maximum number of defectives likely to exist within a population lot that can be considered to be contractually tolerable.
AOI
Automatic Optical Inspection.
Aperture List
List containing the shapes and dimensions of pads and tracks, etc., to expose on the film in a photoplotter.
ANSI
Acronym for “ American National Standards Institute”, an organization formed by industry and the US Government to develop trade and communication standards.
Annular Ring
The width of the conductor surrounding a hole through a printed circuit pad.
Annotation
Text or legend pertinent to a board design; text appears off the board areas and consists of lettering and symbols while legend appears on the boards.
Angle of Attack
The angle between the face of the squeegee and the surface of the screen.
Anchoring Spur
An extension of a land(like one or two blind paths)on a flexible printed board that extends beneath the cover lay to assist in holding the land to the base material.
Analog In-circuit Test
A system measuring component values on a populated PCB before power is applied.
Analog Functional Test
At the board level, various analog test signals are applied to a PCB through a switch to point out current outputs.
Analog Circuit
A circuit comprised primarily of individual (discrete) components, such as resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors, etc. The circuit output is a continuous electrical signal that varies in frequency, amplitude, etc., as a function of the input. The magnitude is represented by physical variables such as voltages, current, resistance, rotation, etc.
Analog Circuit Simulator
A tool used to verify the design (or portions thereof) in the analog domain by applying virtual test signals to a virtual model of the design.
Ambient
The surrounding environment coming into contact with the system or PCB in question.
Alkyd
A thermosetting resin with good electrical properties used for moulding the bodies of components.
Algorithm
A procedure for solving a problem, usually mathematical.
Air Gap
The non-conductive air space between current carrying conductors such as traces, pads, ground planes, etc.
Aging
The change of a property, e.g. solderability, with time.
Adhesive
A substance such as glue or cement used to fasten objects together. In surface mounting, an epoxy adhesive is used to adhere SMDs to the substrate.
Adhesion Layers
The metal layer that adheres a barrier metal to a metal land on the surface of an integrated circuit.
Additive Process
A process for obtaining conductive patterns by the selective deposition of conductive material on a clad or unclad base material.
Activating
A chemical treatment for conditioning the surface of non-conductive materials for improved adhesion.
Acrylic Resin
A thermosetting ,transparent resin.
Accuracy
The deviation of the measured or observed value from the accepted reference.
Access Holes
A series of holes in successive layers. Each set has a common centre or axis. The holes of a multi-layer printed board provide access to the surface of the land in one of the layers of the board.
Accepted Quality Level (AQL)
The maximum number of defects per 100 units that can be considered satisfactory as a process average.
Acceptance Test
The tests that determine the acceptability of boards as agreed to by purchaser/vendor.